Liability Insurance in Iran — The English Reference

For general practitioners, specialists, subspecialists and surgeons licensed by the Iranian Medical Council.

Physicians professional liability insurance in Iran compensates bodily injury and financial loss that a patient suffers because of a physician's professional error — diagnostic, therapeutic or surgical — up to the policy limit, and funds the physician's legal defense before Iranian courts, the Forensic Medicine Organization and Medical Council commissions.

For attorneys at law, legal advisors and law offices registered with the Iranian bar associations.

Lawyers professional liability insurance compensates financial loss that a client suffers from a lawyer's professional negligence — missed limitation deadlines, defective pleadings, wrongful advice or failure to enforce an awarded right — up to the policy limit, and covers the defense costs of disciplinary proceedings before the Iranian bar associations.

For licensed engineers and supervising engineers in civil, architectural, electrical, mechanical and other recognized disciplines.

Engineers professional liability insurance compensates financial and bodily loss caused by errors in design, calculation, supervision and execution of construction or industrial projects. It applies to licensed members of the Iranian Engineering Council and covers supervision liability under Article 33 of the Engineering System Act, up to the policy limit.

For employers in construction, industrial, service and contracting workplaces with salaried workers.

Employers liability insurance compensates workers for bodily injury, death or occupational disease caused by work or workplace conditions, when the employer is legally liable under Article 91 of the Iranian Labor Law. It pays diyeh and court-awarded damages up to the policy limit and defends the employer in labor disputes.

For construction, installation, industrial and service contracting companies and their subcontractors.

Contractors liability insurance covers third-party bodily injury, property damage and contractual liabilities arising from construction, installation and service projects executed by a contracting company. It responds where the contractor or its subcontractors cause damage to neighbors, passers-by, the employer's property or other third parties during the execution period.

For shops, guilds, service units and commercial premises that host customers and third parties.

Public liability insurance (civil third-party liability) compensates third parties for bodily injury and property damage that the insured business causes in the course of its activity — customers, visitors and passers-by. It is the base civil-liability cover for shops and service units and responds upon proof of fault or causation.

For manufacturers, importers, distributors and consumer-goods brands selling in Iran.

Product liability insurance compensates consumers for bodily injury and property damage caused by a defective product manufactured, imported or sold by the insured. In Iran it operates under the Consumer Protection Act and the Civil Liability Act, covering court-awarded damages and defense costs in defect claims, up to the policy limit.

For building managers, elevator maintenance companies and installers of elevators and lifting platforms.

Elevator and escalator liability insurance compensates passengers and third parties for bodily injury and property damage caused by the operation, maintenance or inspection failure of elevators and lifting equipment. It allocates cover among the building manager, the maintenance company and the installer according to their proven share of responsibility.

For general dentists, prosthodontists, implantologists and orthodontists licensed by the Iranian Medical Council.

Dentists professional liability insurance in Iran compensates bodily injury and financial loss a patient suffers from professional error in implantology, prosthodontics, endodontics and anesthesia complications, up to the policy limit, and funds the dentist's legal defense before Iranian courts and the Medical Council forensic commissions where the specialty is declared in the policy.

For licensed pharmacists, pharmacy owners acting as pharmacist-in-charge and parapharmaceutical technical experts.

Pharmacists professional liability insurance in Iran compensates bodily injury and financial loss caused to customers by dispensing errors — wrong drug, dose or dosage form — expired medication and unflagged drug interactions, up to the policy limit. Liability for pharmacy technicians and staff can be covered where expressly scheduled in the policy.

For certified accountants, independent auditors, tax accountants and audit firms operating in Iran.

Accountants and auditors professional liability insurance in Iran compensates financial loss caused to clients and third parties by defective tax returns, misleading audit reports and accounting calculation errors, up to the policy limit. Defense costs in proceedings before the Iranian Society of Certified Accountants and the courts are covered where scheduled.

For licensed real estate agents, estate offices, online brokers and property transaction consultants.

Real estate agents liability insurance in Iran compensates financial loss suffered by buyers and sellers from incomplete title review, defective ownership disclosure, failure to report an attachment or lien on the property, and errors in the listed particulars, up to the policy limit. Legal defense costs are covered where scheduled in the policy.

For hairdressers, beauty salons, skin and hair service specialists and licensed laser service centers.

Beauty salon liability insurance in Iran compensates bodily and financial injury to clients from accidents during services, skin sensitivity reactions and instrument contamination, up to the policy limit. Injection and laser services usually require express scheduling and the relevant permit in the policy; without that scheduling they are not covered at all.

For managers of restaurants, cafes, hotels, guesthouses, banquet halls and catering centers.

Restaurant and hotel managers liability insurance in Iran compensates bodily and financial damage to guests — food poisoning, falls and injuries on the premises, and liability for deposited property — under the Civil Liability Act and the Civil Code. Liability toward staff is covered separately and complementarily by employers liability insurance.

For managers of kindergartens, preschools, non-governmental schools and child education centers.

Kindergarten and educational center managers liability insurance in Iran compensates bodily and financial damage to children and students during care, teaching and supervision, under the Civil Liability Act. The supervisor's liability for a minor's conduct follows Article 2 of the same Act, and payment is made up to the policy limit.

For road freight companies, truck and trailer operators, urban distribution fleets and freight terminals.

Carriers liability insurance in Iran compensates damage to cargo in custody during carriage, loading, unloading and storage, under the custody rules of the Civil Code, and covers injury to third parties during transport. The limit of liability is set separately for each vehicle listed in the policy schedule.

For nurses, midwives, physiotherapists, paramedics and operating-room, laboratory and radiology technicians licensed to practice.

Nurses and allied health professionals liability insurance in Iran compensates patients for bodily injury and financial loss caused by professional error of nurses, midwives, physiotherapists and operating-room or laboratory technicians, up to the policy limit, and funds the insured professional's legal defense before Iranian courts and Medical Council disciplinary commissions.

For licensed financial advisors, tax advisors licensed by the Tax Administration and financial consulting institutes.

Financial and tax advisors liability insurance in Iran compensates the client's financial loss and attributable penalties caused by faulty tax advice, defective financial planning and erroneous calculations or feasibility reports, up to the policy limit, and funds the advisor's legal defense in client lawsuits and proceedings before financial regulatory bodies.

For sworn translators licensed by the Iranian Judiciary and official translation offices with active translators.

Official translators liability insurance in Iran compensates the financial loss suffered by parties who rely on a sworn translation, including errors in figures, dates, document numbers and legal terminology, up to the policy limit, and funds the translator's legal defense in court proceedings and disciplinary reviews by the licensing authority.

For chief notaries (sardafatar) and assistant notaries (daftryar) appointed by the Registration Organization.

Notaries public liability insurance in Iran compensates financial loss arising from defective deeds, incomplete identity verification and breaches of registration formalities at notary offices, up to the policy limit, and funds the notary's legal defense in civil claims and disciplinary proceedings of the Registration Organization and the Notaries Bar Association.

For independent developers, network and security specialists, software companies and technology freelancers working under written contracts.

IT and cybersecurity professionals liability insurance in Iran compensates an employer's or client's financial loss caused by implementation errors, service outages and negligent data exposure, up to the policy limit, and funds the professional's legal defense in claims by employers and third parties arising from the insured technology services.

For owners and builders of buildings under construction, qualified executors, excavation contractors and site supervisors.

Construction operations liability insurance in Iran compensates third parties for injury and property damage caused by building works such as excavation collapse, falling materials and damage to adjacent properties, and covers the owner's and builder's statutory warranty liability under Article 33 of the Engineering System Act, up to the policy limit.

For owners and occupiers of residential, commercial and office buildings, tenants and building managers.

Property owners liability insurance in Iran compensates third parties for injury and property damage arising from occupied buildings, including facade collapse, falling objects, fire spreading to neighboring properties and water leakage, and can extend to the tenant's liability toward the landlord where expressly agreed, up to the policy limit.

For operators of pools, gyms, water parks, sports halls and academies holding an operating license.

Sports facilities liability insurance in Iran compensates members and visitors for injury caused by pool accidents, defective equipment and inadequate supervision, and covers damage to visitors' property and neighboring premises, up to the policy limit, where the operator's failure to observe safety and maintenance duties is established.

For companies producing and installing urban billboards, illuminated signs and roadside advertising structures.

Billboard liability insurance in Iran compensates third parties for bodily injury and property damage caused by the fall of advertising structures such as hoardings, illuminated signs and roadside panels, including damage to vehicles, adjacent buildings and accidents during installation and repair, up to the policy limit, subject to valid municipal permits.

For owners and occupiers of residential, commercial, office and industrial units and warehouses liable for fire spreading to neighbors.

Fire third-party liability insurance in Iran compensates neighboring properties and third parties for damage caused by fire, smoke, soot and firefighting water spreading from the insured unit, including gas explosions within the unit, up to the policy limit; damage to the insured's own property belongs to property fire insurance instead.

For board members, chief executives and senior managers of joint-stock, listed, knowledge-based and holding companies.

Directors and officers liability insurance in Iran covers the personal liability of board members and executives for claims arising from managerial decisions, breaches of the duty of care and disclosure disputes, including shareholder lawsuits and regulatory proceedings, and funds the legal defense costs, up to the policy limit, excluding proven intentional fraud.

For online shops, service platforms, fintech and software companies and any business processing customer data.

Cyber liability insurance in Iran compensates customers and third parties for damage caused by unauthorized disclosure of personal data, ransomware attacks and service interruption, and covers notification, forensic investigation and data recovery costs, plus legal defense in data claims, up to the policy limit, in line with the E-Commerce Act duties.

For parents, legal guardians and households liable for damage caused by minor children and everyday incidents.

Personal and family liability insurance in Iran compensates third parties for bodily and property damage caused by minor children under the guardian's supervision and by everyday household incidents, including diyeh and legal defense costs, up to the policy limit; it is one of the most affordable liability covers for Iranian households.

For keepers of guard dogs and pets, herders and livestock farmers, and licensed breeding centers and shelters.

Animal owners liability insurance in Iran compensates third parties for bodily injury and property damage caused by kept animals, from dog bites to livestock damaging crops and vehicles, including diyeh and legal defense costs, up to the policy limit; under Iranian law the keeper answers for damage caused by the animal under his or her custody.

For organizers of conferences, concerts, exhibitions, competitions and recreational camps holding an official permit.

Event organizers liability insurance in Iran compensates participants and visitors for bodily injury and compensates third parties for property damage occurring during the event, including accidents of temporary structures, and funds the organizer's legal defense, up to the policy limit, from installation of equipment until the site is cleared.

For travel agencies licensed by the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism and operators of leisure and pilgrimage tours.

Tour operator liability insurance in Iran compensates travelers for bodily injury and property damage caused by the operator's shortcoming in delivering tour services, including the acts of drivers, guides and subcontractors, and funds the legal defense of the agency, up to the policy limit, from the journey's start until the travelers return.

For holders of a valid hunting permit, members of licensed hunting associations and environment protection officers on duty.

Hunters liability insurance in Iran compensates third parties for bodily injury caused by accidental shooting during lawful hunting and for property damage such as harm to villagers' livestock and vehicles, including diyeh and legal defense costs, up to the policy limit, within the permit and environment regulations of the incident date.